Idioms,
Phrases and Phrasal Verbs from Reading Texts
of class – 10
Unit
– 1
A.
Reading
kick
down (phr.v) : strike forcibly with the foot
medical
explanation (phr) : cause stated by medical science
cruel
trick (phr) : very sad and unfortunate thing happened by fate
got
into (phr.v) : started doing or enjoying something/ became
involved in
run
over (phr.v.) : hit someone or something with something (a
vehicle, challenge etc.) and drive over them
give
me (somebody) the eye (idiom) : look at someone in a way that
communicates romantic interest
freak
out (phr.v.) : make someone upset / shock
sped
(speed) off (phr.v) : left (leave) quickly in a vehicle or on a
bicycle
B.
Reading
bounced
back (phr.v) : recovered quickly after a defeat or a failure /
improved / started to be successful again aftera failure
the
driving force (idiom) : a person or a thing that motivates or
directs someone
turning
blue (idiom) : becoming exhausted
C.
Reading
set
in (phr.v) : begin/ start
Unit
- 2
A.
Reading
The
Dear Departed (idm) : This is an idiomatic expression. This means
‘the dead person’. This phrase is used by people to avoid the
word ‘dead’.
get
her own way (idiom) : to persuade other people to allow her to do
what she wants (to do what she wants in spite of opposition)
call
into (phr) : call to a person to come to some place
be
off (phr.v) : go away / depart / leave
would
never do (phr.) : not appropriate / not suitable in some way
for
ages (idiom) : for a long time
talk
over (phr. v) : speak with others about something / have a
discussion
set
foot (idiom) : enter
breaking
down (phr. v) : failing to function
arrange
with (phr.v) : plan something to include something
drive
a hard bargain (idiom) : work hard to negotiate agreements in one’s
own favour
got
her eye (idiom) : looked at / noticed
get
rid of (phr. v) : throw away / remove / discard as undesirable
get
off (phr.v) : (here) remove / take off
take
off (phr.v) : remove
run
up (phr.v) : move quickly to some place
stagger
in (phr.v) : walk
irritating
air (phr.) : annoying impression
give
way (idiom) : collapse or fall down suddenly
down
the street (phr.) : in the same street
on
purpose (idiom) : intentionally / deliberately
put
up with (phr.v) : tolerate / bear
nothing
short of (idiom) : strongly showing the quality of / equal to
turn
over (phr.v) : put someone under the control of someone
for
certain (idiom) : without doubt / definitely
pick
up (phr. v) : buy / collect / gather
stockinged
feet (phr) : wearing socks, but not wearing shoes
B.
Reading
what
the devil (phr.) : old fashioned way of showing annoyance or
displeasure. This phrase is always used in questions.
took
by surprise (idm) : surprised somebody / happened unexpectedly so
that somebody is slightly shocked
what
the dickens (idm) : (old-fashioned and informal) used in questions
instead of ‘devil’ to show that you are annoyed or surprised
put
on (phr.v) : wear
at
a loss (idm) : puzzled
what
the devil (idm) : (old-fashioned and informal) used in questions
to show that you are annoyed or surprised
nothing
short of (idm) : as bad as / as same as / more or less the same as
something
bad
in
black (phr.) : in dark or black clothes as a sign of mourning at
somebody’s death
bits
of things (phr) : property
put
up with (phr.v) : bear / look after / treat
out
of senses (phr.) : silly and senseless /crazy and irrational.
a
good while (idm) : for quite some time / or a long time
look
after (phr.v) : take care of somebody or something
C.
Reading
nod
off (phr.v) : fall asleep
would
rather (v. phr) : prefer to
broke
out (phr.v) : started
Your
Majesty (phr) : way of addressing a king or a queen
gates
of the city (phr) : in the old times a city was protected by huge
strong walls and doors against attacks by the enemy
at
dawn (phr) : early morning / at the time of sunrise
bare
hands (phr) : (here) with out any weapon in hands
cheering
crowds (phr) : a large gathering of people shouting in joy
Unit
– 3
A.
Reading
leave
behind (phr.v) : not to take someone with you when you go
somewhere
see
off (phr.v.) : to go to an airport, station, etc. to say goodbye
to someone
catch
up (phr.v.) : to come from behind and reach someone in front of
you by going faster
bare
feet (n.phrase) : the feet without chappals or shoes
pebble-strewn
road (n.phrase) : the road over which pebbles are scattered
B.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
C.
Reading
The
Never-Never Nest (idiom) : a house that can never become one’s
own.
of
course (phr) : used to introduce an idea or action as being
obvious or to be expected
as
a matter of fact (idiom) : actually / in fact
come
to (phr.v) : reach in total / amount to
Good
heavens! (phr) : a phrase used to express surprise
note
of hand (phr) : a promissory note
see
to (phr.v) : accompany to some place
pay
off (phr.v) : pay completely
good
money (phr) : valuable money
black
out (phr. v.) : ends with lights off
Unit
– 4
A.
Reading
muster
up confidence (idiom) : gather or gain confidence
right
away (idiom) : immediately
come
across (phr. v) : meet by chance
on
the dot (idiom) : exactly on time
B.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
C.
Reading
in
the twinkling of an eye (idiom) : very quickly
needless
to say (phrase) : no need to mention specially
lion’s
share (idiom) : major portion
Unit
– 5
A.
Reading
come
up (phr.v) : reach a particular point / approach / draw near
goddammit
(phr) : an expression used to show that one is angry or annoyed
get
down (phr.v) : descend / come down / move down / go down
put...
together (phr.v) : assemble / bring together / used unitedly
initial
momentum (phr) : basic movement
with
ease (phr) : easily / without much effort
hang
around (phr. v) : stay in a place
day
and night (phr.) : all the time
sound
health (phr) : having the impression of keeping good health
humble
salutations (phr) : a polite expression of greeting people
knock
down (phr. v) : hit and injure someone
spring
on (phr.v) : throw / jump / make one responsible / blame
set
foot (idiom) : enter some place
fund
amount (phr) : the total amount of money that has been saved
at
leisure (idm) : at one’s convenience / when somebody is free
(not busy)
mock
sympathy (phr) : insincere or pretending feeling of sharing
other’s emotions
idle
curiosity (phr) : wanting to know something for no specific reason
gave
out (phr.v) : made (a sound)
had
been married off (v.phr) : got married
looked
after (phr.v) : took care / managed
lifetime’s
earnings (phr) : money saved in life
ran
one’s (his) eyes (idiom) : looked quickly at the whole of
something
wear
out (phr.v) : become damaged
eat
by turns (phr) : eat one after another ( There is no sufficient
space or room in the house to sit all at one time so they eat one
after another)
B.
Reading
cry
from the rooftops (idiom) : public announcement
untouchable
creature (phr) : a person who cannot be touched/ a person considered
to be the lowest social group
lose
your (one’s) head (idiom) : not to have control of your emotions
set
aside (phr.v) : save something for a particular purpose/ save
turn
one’s (your) head (idiom) : cause to become conceited
breath
last (idiom) : die
go
in for (phr.v) : have an interest in / like / make a choice /
choose something
shot
(shoot) out (phr.v) : went (go) out
looked
forward (phr. v) : expected/ hoped
at
the sight of (phr) : on seeing
betel
leaves (phr) : leaves offered in ceremonies in Hindu culture
(tamalapaakulu)
untouchable
worm (phr) : an untouchable person who is not liked (here –
Bayaji was called untouchable worm)
swollen
head (phr) : a person who thinks that he is more important than he
really is
gathered
momentum (phr) : gained speed and force/ increased level
dropped
off (phr.v) : fell asleep
in
full swing (idiom) : moving quickly forward/ at the peak of the
activity
rose
up (phr.v) : increased
rent
(rend) the air (idiom) : sound piercingly/ disturb sharply with
loud noise
took
place (idiom) : occurred/ happened
caught
(catch) fire (idiom) : ignited (ignite)
put
out (phr.v) : extinguish/ stop burning
trapped
creature (phr) : Here the ‘creature’ was Bayaji. He was caught
(trapped) in fire.
came
down (phr.v) : fell down
gulped
down (phr.v) : controlled emotions by swallowing hard
calmed
down (phr.v) : stopped being angry or emotionally excited
sobbing
.... heart out (phr) : crying / weeping a lot
pained
at heart (phr) : The feelings of sadness touched their hearts.
rest
in peace (idiom) : an expression used to wish eternal peace and
rest to someone who has died
Unit
- 6
A.
Reading
go
about ( ph.r v) : tackle
fight
over (phr. v) : argue about something
B.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
C.
Reading
trailed
off ( phr v) : became gradually quieter and stopped
Broke
down (phr v) : lost control of feelings and started crying
Unit
- 7
A.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
B.
Reading
on
high cloud (idiom) : having strong feelings of happiness or
satisfaction
end
up (phr.v) : finish / come to an end
C.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
Unit
- 8
A.
Reading
at
some one’s beck and : be ready to do what some one asks call
(idiom)
up
and down (phrase) : in two directions
B.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
C.
Reading ( No
idioms, phrases and phrasal verbs )
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